M2. Chemical and physical manipulations
What is chemical and physical manipulation?
Generally speaking, chemical and physical manipulation consists of the use of substances and/or methods which may alter the integrity and/or validity of urine samples obtained in doping controls.
A typical example of physical manipulation is catheterization – the use of a catheter to remove a doped athlete’s urine and replace it with clean urine. Another example is urine substitution during the sample collection process.
An example of physical manipulation is the use of protease – an enzyme that destroys the proteins of prohibited substances. Adding protease to a urine sample “erases” all evidence of the use of prohibited substances.
Chemical and physical manipulation is an anti-doping rule violation and therefore leads to sanctions.
S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors and related substances
S4. Hormone and metabolic modulators
S5. Diuretics and other masking agents
M1. Manipulation of blood and blood components
